Urticaria is also known as hives. The rash may last from hours to one to two days generally. When there is a sudden eruption of swollen-looking pale itchy evanescent reddish bumps on your skin which is generally worsened by scratching, it can be urticaria. These plaques, also known as wheals or rash, can be either your body’s sharp reaction to some allergens or other unidentified factors.
It can be Acute (new or periodic episodes lasting fewer than 6 weeks) and chronic (periodic episodes lasting more than 6 weeks). Nearly 10-20 percent of the population will have at least one episode in their lifetime. Acute hives are most common in children and young adults, and chronic hives are more often seen in females, especially middle-aged women.
Hives are caused by the release of a chemical called histamine. Histamine is released from cells called “mast cells” that lie along the blood vessels in the skin. Allergic reactions, chemicals in foods, or medications can cause histamine release. In up to 90% of outbreaks of hives, a trigger is never found despite extensive testing; these cases are referred to as idiopathic urticaria. In approximately 50% of idiopathic urticaria outbreaks, hives are most likely caused by a reaction from the person’s immune system (autoimmune reaction).
Treatment consists of trying to discover and avoid any triggers of your hives. Detailed medical history is always needed and may need to do blood tests, and urine tests. Medications include antihistamines, mast cell stabilisers, and rarely oral corticosteroids.