Alopecia areata is one where the hair falls in small patches, which can sometimes lead to complete loss of hair on the scalp. Often, it can resolve spontaneously, especially in a child. Alopecia Areata is a condition that can affect anyone, regardless of age and gender. However, it mostly affects people below the age of 30. It is an autoimmune condition, where the immune system attacks the hair follicles. Why does this start? It is still unknown. Regardless, studies suggest that this condition mostly affects people who have a family history of other autoimmune disorders, such as atopy, Thyroid Disorders, Rheumatoid Arthritis, or Type 1 Diabetes. Therefore, genetics might have a role to play in this condition.
Treatment involves topical creams and injections for 1-3 months depending on the response. If alopecia areata involves most of the hair of the scalp, it is called Alopecia Totalis. And when it involves body hair, it is called Alopecia Universalis.